HUMAN VALUES, MORALS, and LAW
A. Human
Definition
Human language is derived from the word "manu" (Sanskrit), "mens" (Latin), which means think is wise or prudent ang beings (able to control other creatures). In human terms can be interpreted a concept or a fact, an idea or a reality, a group (genus) or an individual. In relation to the environment, human life is a oganisme (living organism).
Personal formation is influenced by the environment even in the extreme to say, everyone comes from the environment, both vertical environment (genetics, tradition), horizontal (geographic, physical, social), as well as historical. When a baby is born, he felt the difference in temperature and loss of energy, and therefore he was crying, demanding that the difference was reduced and the loss of irreplaceable. From there arises the basic assumption that every human being Awarded sensitivity (sense) to distinguish (sense of discrimination) and the desire to live. To be able to live, he needs something. Tools to meet the needs of the environment comes from
Human beings are not able to immediately adjust to the environment. In infancy depends entirely human to another individual. He is learning to walk, learning to eat, learn dressed, learning to read, learning how to make something and so on, need the help of others who are more mature.
Malinowski (1949), one of the leaders of Poland Antrophology stated that the dependence individuals against other individuals in the group can be seen from the human efforts in meeting the needs of the biological and social needs through cultural transmission.
Sense of security is specifically dependent on the system of protection in the home, apparel and equipment. Protection will be more easily realized if human groups. To generate the security and comfort of the living groups, created the rules and social controls on what is allowed and which should not be done by any member of the group. In addition it is also determined who should govern the lives of a group to achieve a common goal.
B. Value
Definition
Value is something of value, quality, show quality, and useful for humans. Something that means something is worth valuable or useful for human life.
The properties values are as follows.
1. It's a reality of abstract values and exists in human life. Abstract values can not diindra. It can be observed that the object is worth it. For example, people who have honesty. Honesty is a value, but we do not bias the menindra honesty.
2. Values have normative properties, meaning that it contains expectation values, ideals and a necessity. Values embodied in human form as the basis of norms in the act. For example, the value of justice. Everyone hopes that humans and obtain and behaving that reflects the value of fairness.
3. Niliai serves as the impetus and is a supporter of human values. Humans act based and driven by values it stands for. For example, the value of piety. This makes the value of all people are driven to achieve the degree of piety.
• According to Cheng (1995): Value is something that potential, in the sense of relationship is harmonious and creative, so it serves to enhance the human, while the quality of an attribute or trait that should be possessed (in Lasyo, 1999, hlm.1).
• According Lasyo (1999, hlm.9) as follows: Value for humans is the foundation or motivasidalam any behavior or actions. So it can be concluded that the value that is something to be ethics or aesthetics that guide the behavior.
As valuable human beings who will interpret the value in two contexts, first will see the value as something objective, if he sees value there even without a vote, even looking at the value existed before humans as assessors. Good and bad, right and wrong is not present because of human perception and interpretation of the results, but there is as something that exists and lead men in her life. The second view on the view that the subjective value, meaning the value is highly dependent on the subject of the vote. So the value does not exist and will not exist without the presence of assessors. Therefore the value attached to the subject of the assessment.
C. Moral
Definition
Moral derived from the Latin word mores, which means it has a traditional mores kebiasaan.Kata synonyms mos, moris, manner or manners mores, Morals.
In the Indonesian language, the word means moral character (Arabic) or morality implies inner discipline or disciplines conscience become mentors inner behavior in life. This moral word in Greek is the same as being ethical ethos. Etymologically, the teaching of ethics is either bad, who accepted the general public about the attitudes, actions, liabilities, and so on.
Is explicitly moral matters related to the socialization process of individuals without moral man can not do the process of socialization. Morale in the present age has implicit value because many people who have the moral or immoral attitude from a narrow perspective. The moral nature is taught in schools and moral man must have if he wants to be respected by others. Morale is the value of all absolutan in society as a whole. Assessment of the moral measure of the local culture.
Morale is the act / behavior / greeting someone in interacting with humans. If a person does it in accordance with the prevailing sense of values in the society and the environment is acceptable and fun people, then the person is assessed as having good morals, as well as sebaliknya.Moral is the product of culture and religion. So is the moral codes of norms governing abstract human life and to perform certain acts as a controller that regulates the human to be a good man.
D. Law
Definition
Besides the earlier customs, there are rules governing the law of human life, which is usually made on purpose and have clear sanctions. Law created with the aim to organize society so happens harmony among citizens and social systems that were built by a society. In the modern society of law made by the institution - the institution that is given the authority by the people.
Overall rules of society at its core is set to follow the pattern of behavior that was agreed by the social system and culture prevailing in the society. Behavioral patterns are the ways people act or behave the same and should be followed by all members of society tersebut.Setiap human action in society always follow the patterns of people's behavior earlier. Different patterns of behavior habits. Habits is one way of acting which is then recognized and may be followed by others. Patterns of behavior and the norms that made and carried out, in particular if a person associated with another person, called a social organization.
E. Humans, Value, Moral and Legal
Although many experts who proposed terms of value, but nothing has been agreed on all the terms that relate to human values, and then the value is important. Understanding the value that has been put forward by any expert basically is an effort to provide a holistic understanding of the value, but any person interested in the parts that are "relatively untouched" by other thinkers.
Definition leads to a reduction of the value by the status of objects, seen in terms of value put forward by John Dewney namely, Value Is Object Of Social Interest, because he saw the value of the corner of his interests.
Values can be interpreted as the nature or quality of something useful for human life both physically and spiritually. To serve as the basis of human values, the reason or motivation to act and behave, whether consciously or not.
It is important for human values. Is it considered to encourage people because it is considered to be a human being or human interest value because it exists outside the human that is contained in the object, so that more value is seen as an assessment activity. The value must be clear, must be believed by the individual and should be applied in practice. Assessing could mean that weigh a human activity to connect something with something else that was followed by a decision. The decision states that if something is positive (useful, good, beautiful) or otherwise is negative. It is associated with the elements present in the human body, creativity, taste, intention, and belief.
Value has polarity and hierarchy, among others:
1. Values present themselves in a positive aspect and a negative aspect of the appropriate polarity as good and bad; beauty and ugliness.
2. Value that is hierarchically structured hierarchical order of importance.
Value (value) is usually used to refer to an abstract noun that can be interpreted as the worth (worth) or kindness (goodness). Notonagoro dividing the principal amount of the hierarchy:
3. Material value is something that is useful to the human body element.
4. Vital value everything that is useful for people to be able to hold events or activities.
5. Spiritual values that is something useful for the spiritual man.
Spiritual values are divided into four types:
1. Truth value of which is based on elements of human reason or ratio
2. Value of beauty or aesthetic value that originates in the aesthetic sense of the human element
3. Moral virtues are rooted in the will or human intention
4. Religious values rooted in human belief, accompanied by appreciation through reason and conscience
The things that have value not only something tangible (material things), even something immaterial is often a very high value and absolute for humans as religious values.
Value is also related to the ideals, desires, hopes, and all things considered internal (inner) man. Thus it is not a concrete value and is essentially subjective. Abstract and subjective value needs to be more dikonkretkan and formed into a more objective. Form a more concrete and objective of the values is the norm / Siwak. Norms derived from the Latin norm, which means penyikut or elbows, a tooling apparatus used by carpenters.
From this we can define the norm as a guide, measure, rule or custom. So the norm is something that is used to adjust something else or a size. With this norm can assess the goodness or badness of a deed.
There are several types of norms / Siwak in society, namely:
1. Religious beliefs or norms
2. Obscenity
3. Norma manners / etiquette
4. Legal norms
Of the existing norms, the rule of law is the norm of the most powerful because it can be forced to implement the ruler (external power).
Values and moral norms related to the next. Moral derived from the Latin word mores, which means the plural of mos customs. While the Indonesian interpreted with moral decency. While morale is in accordance with the general ideas about human action is accepted, what is good and what is reasonable. The term containing moral integrity and dignity of the human person. The degree of a person's personality is determined by its morality. Moral meaning contained in a person's personality is reflected in the attitude and behavior. It could be said that man is a moral human attitudes and behavior in accordance with the values and norms prevailing in society.
F. The Value of Human Relations
Value is closely related to human activities judge. Judging means to judge the human activities connect something with something else, which is subsequently taken a decision. Decision to declare the value of useful or useless, right or wrong, good or bad, this assessment is connected with the elements or things that exist in humans.
G. Human relationships with Moral
Morale has similar meaning with ethics. Ethics comes daribahasa ancient meaning in the singular ethos ethos has many artiyaitu usual residence, grassland, habits, customs, character attitudes, and caraberfiki. In bentuj plural ethos (ta Etha) which means customs. Moralberasal from the latin language support mos (plural mores) which means custom, way, dantampat stay. Etismologi thus both words bermaknasama Hannya origin uasul different language from the language in which the ethics of moral yunanisementara Latin.
Pengertiaannya same moral ethics within the meaning of the values and norms that set the tone for a person or group in regulating behavior. In many of the elements of moral philosophy are examined critically, in landasi human rationality as human nature, the principles of kindness, ethical considerations in the decision-making of something, and so on. More applicable to the moral nature of the form of advice about good things.
There are some elements of moral rules which are:
1. Moral conscience is a very real phenomenon.
Conscience is an appreciation of the good or bad about human behavior and conscience is always in hubunngkan with human consciousness and always involved in the concrete situation. With the human conscience will be able mererfleksikan himself chiefly in of itself or also know people.
2. Freedom and responsibility.
Freedom is owned by individuals who are essential and humane human dankarena basically consume is ah free beings. But it is also limited in freedom because freedom should not be in contact with others when they do the interaction. So, it is human beings who are limited by their environment freely as a result of his inability to live alone.
3. Moral values and norms.
And moral values will appear when it is in others, and he will join with other values such as religion, law, and culture. Moral values related to one's responsibilities.
Between law and morality are all close relationships. There is a proverb that says roma "quid sine moribus legalization?" (What does it mean if the law is not accompanied morality?). Thus the law is meaningless without morality. Therefore the quality of the law must always be measured by moral norms, immoral laws to be replaced. On the other hand also requires moral law, because the law only moral without a delusion if not legislated or institutionalized in society.
Although the legal and moral relationship so close, yet remain distinct legal and moral, because in reality 'may' exist contrary to the moral law or no law immoral, which means there is not to skewer between law and morals. For it is in the context of today's Indonesian constitution. Especially in the context of the law requires.
Quality of law lies at the heart of the moral weight. Without morality laws seem empty and hollow (Dahlan Thaib, h.6). However, the difference between the legal and the moral is clear.
The difference between legal and moral by K.Berten:
1. Codified law more than morality, it means systematically recorded in the books of law. Hence the rule of law is more certainty and objective compared with moral norms. While more subjective moral norm and consequently more 'disturbed' by the discussions seeking clarity about who should be considered ethical and unethical.
2. Although the moral and legal regulate human behavior, but the legal limit itself merely superficial, while moral concerns also one's inner attitude.
3. Sanctions related to different legal sanctions related to morality. Law for the most part be in force, offenders will be suspended. But the ethical norms can not be in force, for force only touching the outside, while the ethical behavior actually comes from within. The only sanctions in the field of morality not only calm heart.
4. The law is based on the will of the community and ultimately the will of the state. Although the law does not directly come from countries such as customary law, but the law must be recognized by the state in order to apply as hukum.moralitas based on moral norms that exceed the individual and society. In a democratic way or any other way people can change the law, but people can not change or cancel a moral norm. Assess the moral law and not vice versa.
While Gunawan Setiardja distinguish legal and moral:
1. Seen from the bottom, the law has a legal basis, while the consensus and moral natural law based on natural law.
2. Seen from the legal autonomy is heteronomous (coming from outside the human self), while morally autonomous (coming from yourself).
3. Judging from the implementation of the law can be enforced outward,
4. Judging from the juridical legal sanctions. natural form of moral sanction, inner, sorry, ashamed of myself.
5. Terms of its goal, the law regulates human life in the life of the state, while the set of human life as a moral human being.
6. Judging from the time and place, depending on the laws of time and space, whereas moral objective does not depend on the place and time (1990.119).
H. Human Relations and the Law
A requirement of law in society, given that we can not possibly describe human life without or outside the community. So man, society, and the law is an understanding that can not be separated. To achieve order in a society, need for certainty in inter-human relationships in society. Certainty is not only that people's lives will be regular but it will reinforce the legal institutions which implement them.
Good law is the law in accordance with the laws of life (the living law) in the community, which would fit well or is a reflection of the prevailing values in the society.
Human and legal are two entities that can not be separated. Even in the science of law, there is a well-known adage that reads: "Ubi jus ibi Societas" (where there is no law to that society). It means that in every establishment of a social structure called the building society, will always be needed materials as "cement glue" of the various components of the society, and which serves as a "cement glue" that is the law.
To realize the regularity, the first humans to form an order structure (organization) in between him which is known as the social order (social order) are called: community. In order to build and maintain social order this regularly, then people need regulatory institutions which consists of two things: the rule (law) and the regulator (power).
